5 Takeaways from News Literacy EdCamp

5 Takeaways from News Literacy EdCamp (0) Fake news is such a hot term right now that it’s difficult to spend a day without hearing it mentioned. From Twitter, to Facebook, to even our own president, it’s definitely one of the buzzwords of 2017. Since we, as adults, are seeing and hearing news articles and journalists being accused of publishing fake news, that means that our students are seeing and hearing about it, too. The best way to help combat fake news is to teach our students what it is, what it looks like, how to spot it, and how to prevent it. I did just that, spending a full day at The News Literacy Project TIME Inc.’s News Literacy EdCamp, held on August 1, at TIME Inc.’s Lower Manhattan headquarters. The day was filled with news literacy workshops, resources, and speakers. Running the show for the day was Peter Adams, a former teacher, and the current Senior Vice President of Educational Programs at the News Literacy Project. Here are the five biggest takeaways from the day. Keep these in mind when teaching your students about fake news: 1. There is a difference between fake news, propaganda, and misinformation If you’re like me, you believe that fake news is any news article that doesn’t convey the truth. Well, that’s actually incorrect. There is a big difference between fake news, misinformation, and propaganda, and all three have different definitions. Peter Adams defines fake news as, “a very specific kind of misinformation: fabrications, designed to look like journalism, to make money.” So, fake news articles that are created and pushed out as click bait to gain advertising dollars is fake news. Misinformation is when a story is intentionally created to deceive or fool you. A friend might create a fake news headline to make friends laugh or entertain them. Satirical stories, such as ones on The Onion are also examples of misinformation. Propaganda is the creation of a biased or misleading story or advertisement to promote an idea, an individual in politics, or a politically motivated belief. One example is J. Howard Miller’s iconic “We Can Do It!” (also known as “Rosie the Riveter”) poster. It was initially designed to motivate women workers during World War II. Later, it was used as an image to promote feminism. In both cases, it can be considered an example of propaganda. Teaching students what these terms mean and how to identify them makes them aware of each term’s differences and consequences. 2. Google’s Reverse Image Search helps students identify the origin of photos We look at online photographs and usually believe they accurately represent what their captions state. Unfortunately, images are often taken out of context and reused for other purposes. News Literacy EdCamp speaker, Elaine Arradillas, Crime Reporter at People Magazine, discussed the importance of teaching students to “take that extra step,” to verify if the photographs and images we’re looking at are credible. Follow the instructions on Tech-Recipes’ “How to Do a Google Reverse Image Search,” to learn the three ways to search for the origin of an image. Teach students how to use this helpful tool to verify if the information they’re seeing is credible. 3. It’s easier than you think to create fake news and misinformation There are numerous websites to create fake headlines, fake magazine covers, fake Twitter accounts, even fake verified Twitter accounts! One of the most shocking sites that I watched Peter Adams share and demonstrate is called CloneZone. This website allows users to easily modify the text on almost any website out there. Look how simple it was for me to change the homepage view of . See if you can spot the 5 differences. Screenshot of ’s actual homepage: Screenshot of ’s homepage, modified with CloneZone: It’s pretty shocking that in just a minute, I was able to modify the text, using the same fonts, colors, and letter sizes as ’s actual homepage. Scary, right? Upon learning about these various sites and tools, the first thought that came to my mind was “I hope my students never find out about these websites!” However, after reflecting on what I saw and how much I learned from it, I feel it’s important to share these websites with students. Show them that these tools are out there and that people are using them to mislead and misinform the public and YOU! Peter Adams went on to say that even creating misinformation for your friends or network can become problematic. Stories can spread like wildfire. Even if it’s just for your close friends and network, you don’t control how they will interpret and share that information. Once you put it out on the Internet, it’s no longer just yours. 4. Even if an article shares both sides of an argument, it doesn’t mean that the article is neutral. To detect bias, one technique I’ve taught my students is to make sure that an article features both sides of an argument. At NewsLiteracy EdCamp, I found that even if both sides are featured in an article, it can still be biased due to what is called “false balance” or “false equivalency.” False balance, or false equivalency, is when an article shows a drastic side promoting one side of an argument. The article may touch upon or briefly share one tidbit about the other viewpoint, but it drastically promotes one side. An example is when an article states something to the tune of, “97% of scientists say that global warming is a significant problem. One person states that it actually isn’t a problem at all and is a fabrication for government agencies to collect tax money.” While yes, both sides are discussed, there clearly is a false balance, or false equivalency. It isn’t enough to teach our students to make sure that both sides of an argument are featured in a trustworthy news story. We have to take it a step further and teach them to take into account how each viewpoint is discussed and positioned. 5. Use News Literacy Camp’s Checkology to help teach news and information skills News Literacy Project’s Checkology program teaches students the core skills they need to be news and information literate. The 12 interactive lessons feature videos and commentary from news industry leaders, quizzes, and discussion questions. While the program is recommended for students in grades 8 through 12, I recently used portions of it with my fifth grade students. It’s simple to adapt the content and differentiate it for other ages. Checkology is free for the 2017-2018 school year. If you’re interested in learning more about it and registering for the site, check it out here. Kudos to Peter Adams and his team for spending a full day with New York City area teachers, librarians, and education specialists to make sure we understand the ins and outs of fake news. It was an engaging and informative workshop; one that I hope will be offered again.

E Commerce Assessment Olx India ( Olx.in ) Essay

TEEGAVARAPU LALIT MAHESH Student ID : i144409 E-Commerce Assessment : 1 Topic/Company chosen : Olx India (Olx.In) 1. Introduction: 1.1 Name of the company : Olx.in The World s second largest country by population isn t really known for it s internet penetration. That number stands at a lowly 12.6% where people surf the internet only once a month are also counted. Even so, ask any blue collar worker in the nation about Olx.in , and you ll be surprised at how much they know about the free online classifieds site (Amarjit Batra,2014) . OLX is a E-commerce website which is based on selling used products. It was found in March 2006 by Fabrice and Grinda and Alec Oxenford, and now is taken over by a private enterprise called Naspers. OLX came up with a unique idea of letting it s customer post free adds for the products that they want to sell. The customers can post their adds for free initially. Today OLX has a market in 105 countries and in 40 languages. This is a customer to customer business (C2C), through which the customers can get in touch with each other and talk about the business. This platform has made a lot of progress in many countries over the years. Considering Olx India (Olx.in), has also grew its market rapidly and effectively in India. The initial source of advertising for Olx.in were radio and the local media. One of their business (corporate) offices is located in Gurgaon (Haryana). The CEO and head of Olx India is

Net Present Value - 1157 Words

There are six projects which â€Å"Cheltenham Races† LTD aims to undertake and for this purpose the company is using investment appraisal methods. Investment appraisal procedure is the technique of evaluation of different projects to choose the best projects which maximise the company’s profit. THE INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING PROCESS: There are number of stages to be followed in the investment decision making process. * Origination of proposals; It is very important at this stage that organisation’s have free friendly atmosphere for the staff/participants in decision making, as new ideas are expected to develop at this stage, thus rejecting some alternatives projects early. * Project screening; At this stage qualitative factors†¦show more content†¦In this method the following factors have much importance and that they affect the results of the NPV. Such factors are; a) Time value of money b) Inflation c) Depreciation d) Taxation / Written down allowance Time value of the money is based on the concept that the value of the money increases over time, e.g.  £1 earned or spent sooner is worth more than  £1 earned or spent later. There are many reasons for this rise in worth of present value of  £1 in the future. * Uncertainty The business world is considered full of risk and uncertainty. It is believed that in practise the business get promise of cash in future, it can never be certain until it is actually received. * Inflation Inflation is the decline in purchasing power of the monetary unit. It is a common sense that money’s worth changes over time due to inflation. If there is an element of inflation then it is necessary to adjust the values by the given rates for inflation. Inflation is not considered important in the decision making process when it is low but it is important to include the factor when it rises let say 10 %. Factors influencing Ranking NPV vs. PI If we take an approach of Net present value (NPV) and Profit index (PI) to rank these 6 projects without setting any constraints then the simple raking would be below showing projects in the following sequence. RANK | PROJECT | | INVESTMENT | NPV | PI | RANK | (NPV) | | |  £Show MoreRelatedNet Present Value1875 Words   |  8 Pagesyear and reported the following information. The company had current assets of $153,413, net fixed assets of $ 412,331, and other assets of $83,552. The firm also has current liabilities worth $65,314, long-term debt of $178,334, and common stock of $162,000. How much retained earnings does the firm have? a. $ 405,648 b. $243,648 c. $167,918 d. $573,566 6.) Tre-Bien Bakeries generated net income of $233,412 this year. At year end, the company had accounts receivables of $47,199Read MoreNet Present Value1958 Words   |  8 Pagestimes attributed to the nature of a project. 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A single receipt of $15,000 at the end of Year 1 followed by a single receipt of $10,000 at the end of Year 3. The company has a 10% rate of return. d. An annual receipt of $8,000 for threeRead MoreNotes On The Net Present Value1462 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion C [1] The Net Present Value [NPV] is the total sum of the present values of all the expected cash flows. For a project with a normal cash flows, this would mean that the NPV is the present value of expected cash flows minus the initial cost of the project. The formula is as such; NPV = -CF0 + CF1 (1+k)-1 + CF2 (1+k)-2 + †¦ + CFn (1+k)-n where; CF0 is the initial investment outlay, or cash outflow CFt is the after-taxed cash inflows at time t k is the required rate of return for the projectRead MoreNet Present Value and Project3264 Words   |  14 Pagesbe 13.487% and a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) to be at a value of 9.70%. Factoring in the WACC into our projections we found that if the demand maintains at an average rate the project will be at a positive Net Present Value of $5,997,505.31 with an IRR of 13.21%, a profitability index of 8.84, and an approximate payback period of 6.84 years. Please see Exhibits below for a snapshot of the capital budget and NPV values. This information seemed to be very promising for the project inRead MoreNet Present Value ( Npv )1530 Words   |  7 PagesNet present value (NPV) is a discounted cash flow technique used to determine the overall value of a project or a succession of cash flows (Blocher et al, 2008). See Appendix 1 for a simplified calculation. Belli (2001) argues that NPV is more suitably applied to mutually exclusive projects; these types of projects are those that if accepted, prevent other contending projects to be approved (Mowen et al, 2009). 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For instance, the difference between reading that a truck has a value of $9000 on the balance sheet and understanding what that $9000 represents is huge. Can you turn around and sell the truck for $9000? If you had to buy the truck today, would you pay $9000? Or, perhaps the original purchase price of the truck was

Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations Free Essays

string(299) " end up the owners with a denied benefits of Assured indemnities and the heavy financial loss from both Hull and Machinery\(3/4th RDC, Salvage and General Average\) and, PNI \(together with 1/4th collision liabilities\) as well as all the insurable interests and will have to bear all these losses\." Introduction This assignment refers to a case sceanario in terms of Analysing the application of commercial law towards ship operations and the role of Master in its application wherein as a Master of a General cargo ship of 30,000T on a voyage charter sailing from U.K port after loading high grade steel pipes bound for Korea. Master was forced to sign a Clean Bill of Lading instead of claused entry, inspite of identified some steel rusty on visual inspection (that too in hasty n hurried situation) for which no shipper surveyor was appointed to have recorded witness (perhaps deliberately), rather a Letter of Indemnity was issued by the shipper/seller. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Own vessel sailed with an inoperational Radar with the owners knowledge but not to the Classification society and the Insurer. In the ocean passage own vessel colledes with another Container ship which also infact had been in a situation of short of 2nd Mate who was airlifted a day before for medical emergency due to unexpected injury onboard. Both vessel had suffered damage with own vessel in severe damage whereas the Container ship minor hull damage but had to jettison some of the container to save the ship apart from some were lost due to incident. Own vessel was towed to ports of refuge for emergency repair with own ship under Lloyds Open Form and the Other ship under daily hire agreement. Since own ships sails from the UK portThe Hague Rules amended by Protocol in Brussels in 1968 called Hague-Visby Rules enacted by U.K in the form of Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, (COGSA 71 Act) amended n brought in force in 1977 shall apply. The act applies to : Any contract for the carriage of goods by sea in ships from a U.K port requiring issue of a bill of lading or similar document of title If contract in or evidenced by it expressly provides that the amended Hague Rules shall govern the contract. The Article III mentions under the contract of carriage of goods by sea, that the carrier is subject to responsibilities and liabilities and entitled to the rights and immunities contained In analysing the case considering the Contractual obligations and mitigate any losses might be incurred by the ship owner, the following are the points to consider for any Master to safeguard his owner’s are: 1) Article III bounds the carrier to exercise â€Å"due digilence† to make the ship seaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage, properly man, equip and supply the ship, make cargo spaces fit and safe to receive and carriage and preservation until delivery. 2)After receiving the goods the master or his agent is to issue the shipper with a bill of lading. A B/L must give an accurate description of the goods and must be endorsed to show the true condition. The bill of lading is a prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods mentioned on it. A letter of Indemnity is not legally binding and cannot be sued upon. A Master should not sign any bill if it is misleading as to quantity of condition. Without specific instructions from owner, the Master should refuse the letter of Indemnity, make out his own bills duly signed and present to the shipper. If shipper objects or refuses to accept then the Master should lodge the bill with British Consul and note protest accordingly. 3)Article IV also directs that Neither the carrier nor the ship is liable for the loss or damage resulting from unseawothiness, unless caused by want of due diligence. The burden of proof as defence towards exercised due diligence shall remains with the carrier. Also neither the carrier nor the ship is responsible for any loss or damage caused due to the Act, neglect of default of the master, pilot or carrier’s servants in the navigation of the ship. Considering the the both articles of COGSA / Hague visby Rules Act here Master has not prevented the Owners efficiently from the losses which normally exempts from any liabilities arising later due to the reasons beyond his control. 4)Here the Master has neither exercised due diligence in making ship seaworthy prior departure from load port which, he could have reduced by informing the Classification society / Administration and the Insurers, leading to obtaining the permission for such voyage with additional measures required to overcome such deficiency authorised and thereby, keeping the Insurance contract Intact based upon â€Å"Utmost Good Faith† complying with Implied warranty terms and, would have better prevented him or his owner in mitigating the financial losses arising due to situations beyond his control, nor by signing clean B/L he prevented the Carrier’s liability arising later from cargo claims and thereby increasing the financial burden of the cargo loss if any. â€Å"A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses and losses incident to marine adventures. It is understood that each will act honestly with the other and assured must disclose every material circumstance known to him. If the assured fails to make disclosures, the insurer may void the contract†(college handout notes). Therefore the owner here might be denied for even Hull Machinery, cargo losses and the General/Particular averages arising due to the Salvage of the vessel, by the Insurers for even 1/4th collision damage n third party liabilities due to Master not complying with want of due diligence and in Utmost Good Faith and, the Insurer can choose to waive this breach. However, the burden of proving a breach of the implied warranty of seaworthiness lies on the insurer who alleges it. Therefore by not exercising his contractual obligatory duties according to the COGSA/Hague visby Rules Act and the Marine Insurance Act and the PNI warranties and thereby is in breach of both contractual obligations which might end up the owners with a denied benefits of Assured indemnities and the heavy financial loss from both Hull and Machinery(3/4th RDC, Salvage and General Average) and, PNI (together with 1/4th collision liabilities) as well as all the insurable interests and will have to bear all these losses. You read "Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations" in category "Essay examples" However, since it was found that the other vessel also, was in a situation of unseaworthy at the time of collision, it can be argued and sued for the liabilities and claims becoming due on her part under Both to Blame Collision cross liabilities clause under â€Å"Marine Insurance Act† as a â€Å"peril of the sea† is an excepted peril, allowing the carrier to avoid cargo loss or HM damage claims arising out of a collision with another ship and which will benefit the Owner in mitigating some losses. General Average: As set out in â€Å"York-Antwerp Rules 2004 A† that any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. (college handout notes). Where the common maritime adventure / benefits identifies usually three interests – ship, cargo freight. Since it is proven that own vessel did not depart in seaworthy condition it will be difficult to produce defence against compliance of want of due diligence under Hague Visby Rules / COGSA Act and therefore resulting in owner bearing all expenses under General Average as well as towards cargo claims and salvage expenses. With regard to the other vessels if she proves that she exercised due diligence then the cargo damage because of collision will be covered under the particular average and not the gen Avg under equal loss betwn the cargo of the chtrs and the jettisoned containers will be covered or will come under the Gen Avg because the action which was taken to prevent the ingress was intentional. Salvage: The services provided to any maritime property in dangerous or hazardous situations in such a way that it results in saving it fully or partially or even saving the marine environment and thus promoting the culture or entitling the such service provider with sufficient reward in size, to the total property saved and thus not exceeding the saved value. The operation will require to be successful to provide the value from which the reward shall be obtained. The law of salvage to be considered in three particular prospects: a) Common Law: requires voluntary services where the person has no prior interest in the property endangered or under any pre-existing contractual agreement falling within the definition of maritime property. The size of reward depend upon various factors with particular regard to the level of danger ship is in, the skill and expertise of the salvors utilised with degree of risk were exposed to them and, it shall be payable the parties benefited from such services. b) Statutory Law : The International convention on salvage 1989 enacted by UK by S224 of Merchant Shipping Act 1995 as statute law and will therefore override the common law. c)Contract Law: The Master of the salvaged vessel will have the right to conclude the salvage contracts on behalf of the owner of saved vessel. As per Article 7 of the convention any contract or contract terms may be considered invalid if the contract was agreed under undue influence of danger and its terms are inequitable or payment agreed is in an excessive degree or too large for the services actually rendered. There are mainly two types of salvage agreements: i)Services offered on the basis of ordinary tariff or fixed lump sum or daily rate ii) Services offered on the basis of remunerations to be settled later, whether by agreement or by court judgement or by arbitration under Lloyds Open Form. Depending on the particular case of severity of the dangerous situations and availability of the time the each one has its own advantages and disadvantages for the Master ship which requires assistance. The Salvage arranged under ordinary tariff is obviously shall be cheaper and should be obtained if time permits. However if the time available is crucial in saving the ship or property in imminent danger or imminent danger to the marine environment the the 2nd option of â€Å"Services on the basis of remunerations to be settled later† shall be opted for normally called as salvage agreement under LOF (Lloyds Open Form). The LOF also includes the SCOPIC clause (introduced in LOF 95) as an optional term. The advantages of using LOF 200 salvage agreement are summarised as : The agreement can be transmitted via radio or other electronic means, although an independent witness to the event should be sought and, there is no need to sign the agreement until the salvage services have been completed. The agreement is not likely to be disputed. It is basically â€Å"no cure, no-pay† principle agreement. Any claim applies under English Law. The salvor has maritime lien on the property saved, even after sale of the property to another party. The property saved can be quickly released to the owner on security payment. The salvor will get an interim reward. Any disputes will be referred to an arbitration. Underwriter’s liability can not be increased beyond that for total loss The excessive claims by salvors are avoided. (college handout notes). Analysing the situation for the said case of assignment the own vessel was towed under Lloyds Open Form due to the vessel suffering severe collision damage in the forward it was the best decision to opt for towage under LOF since it was the necessity of the situation to not loose much time in bargaining for contract towage under daily hire agreement because there was a danger of sinking of the vessel quickly as server forward damage and could had resulted in the total loss otherwise of the property. However in case of the other vessel, since she suffered a minor hull damage forward, there was no serious danger to the vessel immediately and had time to bargain and organise for the daily hire agreement resulting in a cheaper option safely. So it was a wise decision to opt for the daily hire agreement for the other vessel. The Master will need to follow the customary procedure when proceeding for of Port of Refuge, arrival and reporting procedure of port of calls and, by following the inward clearance requirement and procedure for unscheduled arrival to POR by appointing / informing the agent thru owner including intimating the destination agent and the charterers, following the procedures and completing the documentation formalities on arrival in regard to Pilotage/Port arrivals, Port Health, Customs and Immigration etc., Lodging the Note of Protest in front of Notary via agent with records and evidences, informing HM and PNI, Classification society for various surveys towards repairs / dry docking formalities etc. In no way the master should allow the cargo to start till either bonds or guarantees are used to secure payment from contributors, all the formalities have taken place and, all the settlements are finalised between the shipper, owner and the charterer (An Adjuster will calculate payments based on benefit) . Also Before departure Master is to obtain the interim certificate of Class / issuance of certificate of seaworthiness. The action of the master in compliance with appropriate codes and regulations will assist in reducing the carriers liability and mitigating losses against extra ordinary perils of the sea or the situations beyond his control. References: i) College Hand outs ii) The shipmasters business companion – Malcolm Maclachlan – 2004 iii) Business and law for the shipmasters – F.N. Hopkins – 7th edition 1989 How to cite Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations, Essay examples

Twenty Five Years of Folklore in the West

Introduction The article talks about folklore literature in the west and various factors that encouraged its growth and failure in various states. It describes how folklore societies in various western states came into being and how people responded to this new awakening.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Twenty Five Years of Folklore in the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, in Texas, the state’s folklore society contributed immensely to the growth of modern folklore literature in the mid west. The society organizes several annual meetings where members interact and share ideas to improve their own creativity. A crucial indicator of its success is shown through its members, who work hard to advance scholarly discourse within and outside the state. These folklore publications focus on a wide range of topics and they appeal to both young and old readers. Consequently, Texas folklore writers have gained recognition across the state because they appeal to diverse categories of readers that are interested in getting new insights from different types of published literature. Developments in other States Developments in modern folklore tales have also been witnessed in other states. In the 1940’s, the Missouri folklore society published its own collections of ballads but later on, the society has not been able to publish new content from its members. This is due to the fact that many of its active members went on to other pursuits and they did not dedicate their time and efforts towards developing new content for publication. On the other hand, the Kansas folklore society’s achievements encouraged different scholars in Nebraska to form the Nebraska folklore society in the early 1960’s. However, it was not able to sustain its operations for a long period of time and by 1965, it had become dormant. Even though some of its members contributed their writin gs to newsletters and journals, many of them did not take part in meaningful projects.Advertising Looking for article on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More New Mexico’s folklore society was heavily influenced by achievements made in Texas. Many of its folklores focused on ethnic, racial and cultural issues that affected people in the south west and how they defined their identity. The University of New Mexico Press in the 1930’s encouraged writers to develop bilingual folklore content which was made part of the educational curriculum. California’s folklore is well represented in the state’s colleges where students get an opportunity to study different types of folklore literature. The University of California served as a talent nurturing environment for folklore writers interested in making a positive impact because they were free to talk about different ideas in their works. The topics covere d are diverse and they represent the racial and cultural diversity in the state ranging from Chinese, Mexican, Negro and Jewish cultural works. Therefore, California’s folklore society has set high standards which other societies in the west need to emulate. Colorado’s folklore society has risen to prominence due to its close relationships with California’s folklore society. Different folklore lovers in the state have been involved in meetings to come up with effective ways to develop original folklore content. Some of the folklore works published have focused on mining and general lifestyles practiced by people living in the state. In contrast, Iowa’s folklore literature has not been actively represented in western folklore but the little content that exists has mainly dealt with balladry and folk music. On the other hand, Arizona’s folklore committee has diverse representation from local Indian tribes, Anglo American and Hispanic communities. Hig h school students in the state have been collecting different folklore items to familiarize themselves with different published works.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Twenty Five Years of Folklore in the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholarly Influences on Folklore Growth In Oregon, folklore studies have been mainly influenced by University of Oregon scholars. These scholars have managed to develop content that reflects living conditions in the state. These scholars have dissected and published different scholarly texts in various journals. On the flipside, the Kansas folklore society has benefited from the immense knowledge of academic scholars from different institutions of higher learning in the state. The scholars’ have been encouraged to develop appropriate content that talks about different issues of interest in the state. In Utah, local folklore literature consists mainly of songs and ba lladry. There are several published works that talk about Mormon lifestyles and how they are observed by people who practice them. Even though Idaho does not have a recognized folklore society, it experienced an awakening interest in folklore before Utah. Several scholars in the University of Idaho have been linked with this awakening but they have failed to encourage more people to increase their knowledge on local folklores. Other western states such as Washington, Montana, Wyoming and Dakota lack active folklore movements that stimulate strong interest from residents. Similarly, there has been low interest in folklore in Canada in Alberta and British Columbia provinces. It is also important to note that the late Mexican folklore scholar Vicente T. Mendoza encouraged the development of Latin American folklore content in many parts of the US. He encouraged people to get more interested in folklore literature in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. This article on Twenty Five Years of Folklore in the West was written and submitted by user S0l0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Letter to My Child essays

Letter to My Child essays When a person becomes an expectant parent, there are a number of thoughts and feelings they experience, whether it is their first or fifth child. It is interesting to explore some of these feelings through a Although I have only known you for a short time, you are already an important part of my life. Before you were conceived, all I could think of was becoming a parent and raising a happy child that would be showered with I am sure that as you grow up, I will make mistakes and hopefully learn from them. I've already read a number of articles on important parenting characteristics and plan on implementing them into your upbringing. I feel it is important to know when to be authoritative and when to be permissive (Frick-Horbury). I realize that I will have a strong influence on you and have discovered that your "genetic makeup will affect your own behavioral characteristics, and also influence the way I will treat you (Maccoby)." I hope I will always exhibit positive characteristics such as "providing emotional warmth, constantly showing an interest in your activities, finding enjoyment in interactions with you, and providing you with guidance and assistance (Poikkeus)." I am an honest, soft-hearted person who believes in the importance of fairness, and believe these strengths will be instrumental in raising a person who can As you grow up, I pray that you have a happy disposition, love all living creatures, and respect the world around you. These qualities are a rarity today in many people and I truly believe if more people exhibited them, there would be less discord in the world. I dream that you will grow up in a world that knows peace. I hope all of your dreams come true and that no one ever tries to dissuade you from any goal you set. Remember as you grow up, that while y ...

Using TDictionary for Hash Tables in Delphi

Using TDictionary for Hash Tables in Delphi Introduced in Delphi 2009, the TDictionary class, defined in the Generics.Collections unit, represents a generic hash table type collection of key-value pairs. Generic types, also introduced in Delphi 2009, allow you to define classes that dont specifically define the type of data members. A dictionary is, in a way, similar to an array. In an array you work with a series (collection) of values indexed by an integer value, which can be any ordinal type value. This index has a lower and an upper bound. In a dictionary, you can store keys and values where either can be of any type. The TDictionary Constructor Hence the declaration of the TDictionary constructor: In Delphi, the TDictionary is defined as a hash table. Hash tables represent  a collection of key-and-value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key. Hash tables are optimized for lookups (speed). When a key-value pair is added to a hash table, the hash of the key is computed and stored along with the added pair. The TKey and TValue, because theyre generics, can be of any type. For example, if the information you are to store in the dictionary is coming from some database, your Key can be a GUID (or some other value presenting the unique index) value while the Value can be an object mapped to a row of data in your database tables. Using TDictionary For the sake of simplicity, the example below uses integers for TKeys and chars for TValues.   First, we declare our dictionary by specifying what the types of the TKey and TValue will be: Then the dictionary is filled using the Add method. Because a dictionary cannot have two pairs with the same Key value, you can use the ContainsKey method to check if some key-valued pair is already inside the dictionary. To remove a pair from the dictionary, use the Remove method. This method will not cause problems if a pair with a specified key is not a part of the dictionary. To go through all the pairs by looping through keys you can do a for in loop. Use the TryGetValue method to check if some key-value pair is included in the dictionary. Sorting The Dictionary Because a dictionary is a hash table it does not store items in a defined sort order. To iterate through the keys that are sorted to meet your specific need, take advantage of the TList a generic collection type that supports sorting. The code above sorts keys ascending and descending and grabs values as if they were stored in the sorted order in the dictionary. The descending sorting of integer-type Key values uses TComparer and an anonymous method. When Keys and Values Are of TObject Type The example listed above is a simple one because both the key and the value are simple types. You can have complex dictionaries where both the key and the value are complex types like records or objects. Heres another example: Here a custom record is used for the Key and a custom object/class is used for the value. Note the usage of a specialized TObjectDictionary class here. TObjectDictionary can handle objects lifetime automatically. The Key value cannot be nil, while the Value value can. When a TObjectDictionary is instantiated, an Ownerships parameter specifies whether the dictionary owns the keys, values or both and therefore helps you not have memory leaks.